CRIMINOPHOBIA AND THE FEELING OF INSECURITY IN MODERN COMMUNITIES

Abstract

This study explores the multifaceted phenomenon of criminophobia by examining how fear
of crime manifests differently across rural and urban environments. The research emphasizes
the subjective dimension of insecurity, shaped by sociocultural factors, media exposure, and
institutional presence. In rural areas, structural disadvantages such as depopulation, limited
access to protective services, and infrastructural deficiencies contribute to an amplified
perception of vulnerability. In contrast, urban communities face media-driven anxiety and
an intensified sense of risk due to environmental complexity and social anonymity. The study
is based on mixed methods, including a field survey conducted in the Republic of Moldova
and comparative content analysis of institutional reports. Results indicate that while actual
crime rates may be lower in rural settings, the perceived threat is higher, especially among
women. Gender-based violence emerges as a particularly salient trigger for criminophobic
reactions. The paper argues for the need to develop differentiated public safety policies that
consider local contexts, with special attention to gendered perceptions of risk. Moreover, it
suggests integrating criminophobia as a research and policy priority within public security
planning. Addressing this phenomenon proactively may enhance community resilience,
restore institutional trust, and reduce the psychological and social costs associated with fear driven behaviors.