REFEREEING IN MODERN RUGBY: SYSTEMIC ADAPTATIONS TO CHANGES IN REGULATIONS AND NEW COMPETITION REQUIREMENTS

Abstract

The study analyzes the impact of regulatory changes on the style of play and refereeing in rugby,
highlighting the transition from a static game to a dynamic and offensive one. Recent legislative
developments (including ELVs and World Rugby directives), statistical data on the increase in rucks
and tackles, as well as the new requirements imposed on referees: high physical exertion, effective
positioning and quick decision-making are examined. Three arbitration models are compared (France,
New Zealand, England), to which is added a contextual analysis of Romanian arbitration. The study
highlights the role of technology (TMO, video feedback) in supporting decisions and continuous
training. The conclusion proposes the concept of "integrated contextual refereeing" as an emerging
paradigm, in which the referee's decision is the result of an interaction between the rules, the style of
play, technology and professional training.