Unitatea funcțional-organică (a conștiinței) ca alternativă la unitatea substanțială, în budhismul Yogācāra

The Functional and Organic Unity (of Consciousness) as an Alternative to the Substantial Unity, in Yogācāra Buddhism

Abstract

Yogācāra Buddhism, the idealistic branch of Mahāyāna, features a moderate ontology, more inclined to realism, which gives a certain degree of reality to manifestation. According to this ontology, Yogācāra's view of universal unity is organic-functional rather than substantial. The cosmos is unitary not because of an
alleged ontological reduction to a single substance, as in primary Mahāyāna or Brahmanism, but rather because of a unitary functioning, in close inter-relation, of all its components. The approach to universal unity in Yogācāra is cosmological rather than metaphysical, with unity residing in the manifesting pattern of
plurality. For Yogācāra, the entire manifestation represents the ideation of a cosmic consciousness, known as the „store-house consciousness” (layavijna). The main aspect of the store-house consciousness is to unify in a single causal flow the whole experience, be it in an actual, manifested form, of factors (dharma), or
only in a potential form, of karmic seeds (bja). The continuity and stability provided by the store-house consciousness is not a substantial continuity or stability, but only one consisting in the regularity of
succession. The store-house consciousness is, in respect of its content, substance, nothing more than the elements that compose it. Since all factors are momentary flashes, the store-house consciousness equally shares their momentary character. The ontological status of the store-house consciousness represents a middle way between the extreme of permanence (vata) and the nihilistic one, of „destruction” (uccheda). The nature of the store-house consciousness provides continuity, regular succession to manifestation, but without introducing any persistent entity. Its function is the one ascribed by Mahyna to the series of
conditioned coproduction (prattyasamutpda), that is to represent a middle way between non-existence and reality.