MILITARISMUL ROMAN ÎN EXPRESII LEXICALE ILUSTRATIVE DIN LIMBA LATINĂ (I)

Abstract

Rome was a militaristic civilization when it was founded, through the paternity of the god of war, Mars. Roman militarism was a systemic, complex one, real politics and ideology for the people of Mars. It can be said that Rome multiplied the Spartan militarist system, but much better as the Romans organized it and based it on laws, created a hierarchy based on merit and turned it into a country project for many generations,
which made it perfect. In the Latin language, as well as in the Latin literature of the classical period and not only, Roman militarism is visible in many expressions that our study aims to present. The multitude of these expressions imposes for the economy of our study a delimitation in several parts, this being the first part of the study dedicated to Roman militarism. The delimitation was done on an alphabetical basis, thus making it easier to identify these expressions in Latin lexicographic works. From our analysis, in the illustrative expressions for Roman militarism, one can note many verbs such as agere, bellare, dimicare and debellare (the last also appears in the Aeneid, being preferred by poets and not only, for its expressiveness), but also nouns such as bellum, miles/milites, pugna,
hostes, arma, castra, tela, exercitus etc. In the illustrative expressions for this dominant mindset trait of Roman civilization that was militarism, all its aspects occur: military recruitment, confrontation with the enemies,
organization in battle formation, logistics related to Roman military institutions, the role of the Roman army to defend Rome‘s interests, the morale of the military, military strategies and plans, glory and punishment for the military and others. Peace also appears in the military context, being the aim of the Roman war, of course a pax Romana. We intend this study to be a lexical demonstration for one of the most comprehensive Roman mentalities, namely militarism, actuallycontinuing our concerns with this phenomenon of Roman civilization, following studies dedicated to military Latin.