Simulation of the Mechanical Stress Behavior in the Case of the Damascus Steel After Heat Treatments for Improvement
Keywords:
Damascus steel, improvement treatment, structural aspects, mechanical properties, simulation
Abstract
The paper aims to study the behavior of Damascus steel at a maximum admissible load with a force of 250 N. Previous studies considered lower loading force values that did not produce cracks in the material. The processing of the samples and laboratory tests were carried out on specimens of Damascus steel obtained in the laboratory. The applied treatments were hardening and tempering to improve the material’s properties. The processing of the results and the simulations were carried out using Autodesk Inventor Professional 2023.
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References
[1]. Sukhanov D. A., et al., Carbide banding as the basis for the Damascus structure of the 18th century Persian blade steels, Metallurgist, Springer Nature, June 2025.
[2]. Sukhanov D. A., Morphological features of carbide banding in high-carbon steels with bulat structure, Metallurg, vol. 1, p. 103-111, 2023.
[3]. Zschokke B., Du Damasse et des Lamés de Damast, Revue Metalurgie, 21, p. 635-669, 1924.
[4]. Verhoeven J. D., et al., The Key Role of Impurities in Ancient Damascus Steel Blades, Archaeotechnology, JOM, vol. 50, p. 58-64, September 1998.
[5]. Sherby O. D, Wadsworth J., Damascus steel, Scientific American, 252 (2), p. 112-120, 1985.
[6]. Peterson D. T, et al., Damascus steel: characterization of one Damascus steel sword, Materials Characteristics, vol. 24, issue 4, p. 355-374, 1990.
[7]. Panseri C., Damascus steel in legend and in reality, rev. Gladius, Nb. IV, p. 5-66, 1965.
[8]. Verhoeven J. D., The mystery of Damascus blades, Scientific American, 284, Article Number: 74, 2001.
[9]. Perttula J., Reproduced wootz damascus steel, Scand J Met 30 (2), p. 65-68, 2001.
[10]. Sukhanov D. A., Plotnikova N. V., Mechanical properties of 18th century Persian bulat steel compared with modern tool steels, Metallurg 11, p. 50-60, 2019.
[11]. Merico P., et al., Archaeo-metallurgical Investigation of a Fragment of a Medieval Sword Blade, Metallography, Microstructure, and Analysis, vol. 13, p. 257-271, 2024.
[12]. Papadatu C. P., et al., Learning from the past: The reconstruction of the original Damascus Steel. Experimental Study, International Journal of Conservation Science, ISSN: 2067-533X, 14, 3, p. 871-886, 2023.
[13]. Papadatu C. P., et al., Research on Testing a Genuine Damascus Steel. A Case Study, International Journal of Conservation Science, ISSN: 2067-533X, vol. 14, issue 4, p. 1367-1380, 2023.
[14]. Papadatu C. P., et al., Graphic Modelling and Equipment used in the Reconstruction of the Original Damascus Steel, International Journal of Conservation Science, 15 (2), p. 979-992, 2024.
[15]. Papadatu C.-P., Obreja D. B., Simulation regarding the Damascus Steel Behavior on Mechanical Stress, The Annals of “Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati, Fasc. IX, Metallurgy and Materials Science, vol. 48, issue 4, 2025.
[2]. Sukhanov D. A., Morphological features of carbide banding in high-carbon steels with bulat structure, Metallurg, vol. 1, p. 103-111, 2023.
[3]. Zschokke B., Du Damasse et des Lamés de Damast, Revue Metalurgie, 21, p. 635-669, 1924.
[4]. Verhoeven J. D., et al., The Key Role of Impurities in Ancient Damascus Steel Blades, Archaeotechnology, JOM, vol. 50, p. 58-64, September 1998.
[5]. Sherby O. D, Wadsworth J., Damascus steel, Scientific American, 252 (2), p. 112-120, 1985.
[6]. Peterson D. T, et al., Damascus steel: characterization of one Damascus steel sword, Materials Characteristics, vol. 24, issue 4, p. 355-374, 1990.
[7]. Panseri C., Damascus steel in legend and in reality, rev. Gladius, Nb. IV, p. 5-66, 1965.
[8]. Verhoeven J. D., The mystery of Damascus blades, Scientific American, 284, Article Number: 74, 2001.
[9]. Perttula J., Reproduced wootz damascus steel, Scand J Met 30 (2), p. 65-68, 2001.
[10]. Sukhanov D. A., Plotnikova N. V., Mechanical properties of 18th century Persian bulat steel compared with modern tool steels, Metallurg 11, p. 50-60, 2019.
[11]. Merico P., et al., Archaeo-metallurgical Investigation of a Fragment of a Medieval Sword Blade, Metallography, Microstructure, and Analysis, vol. 13, p. 257-271, 2024.
[12]. Papadatu C. P., et al., Learning from the past: The reconstruction of the original Damascus Steel. Experimental Study, International Journal of Conservation Science, ISSN: 2067-533X, 14, 3, p. 871-886, 2023.
[13]. Papadatu C. P., et al., Research on Testing a Genuine Damascus Steel. A Case Study, International Journal of Conservation Science, ISSN: 2067-533X, vol. 14, issue 4, p. 1367-1380, 2023.
[14]. Papadatu C. P., et al., Graphic Modelling and Equipment used in the Reconstruction of the Original Damascus Steel, International Journal of Conservation Science, 15 (2), p. 979-992, 2024.
[15]. Papadatu C.-P., Obreja D. B., Simulation regarding the Damascus Steel Behavior on Mechanical Stress, The Annals of “Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati, Fasc. IX, Metallurgy and Materials Science, vol. 48, issue 4, 2025.
Published
2026-06-15
How to Cite
1.
PAPADATU C-P. Simulation of the Mechanical Stress Behavior in the Case of the Damascus Steel After Heat Treatments for Improvement. The Annals of “Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati. Fascicle IX, Metallurgy and Materials Science [Internet]. 15Jun.2026 [cited 10Jun.2026];49(2):16-1. Available from: https://www.gup.ugal.ro/ugaljournals/index.php/mms/article/view/10122
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