Analysis Tools for Sustainable Management of Cell Phone Waste for Metals Recovery
Keywords:
cell phone waste, recycling, metals, recovering
Abstract
A modern cell phone contains over 60 metals, combined physically or chemically and in some cases covered with various types of plastics, ceramics, etc. For recycling, each metal from the device needs to be analyzed individually. Some of these metals (copper, gold, silver, platinum, tin, yttrium, etc.) are valuable and their recovery is effective from the point of view of the economic benefits. Others (lead, cadmium, arsenic, mercury, etc.) are toxic and environmentally important. Certain metals are valuable but also toxic at the same time. In this study were identified and discussed a series of analysis tools specific to sustainable management of WEEE. Those applicable to recycling of mobile phones waste, operation which has as main objective the recovery of valuable metals, are the following: quantitative evaluation; potential income from the sale of recovered metals; eco-efficiency of recycling; recovery yield of metal; impact on the environment.
References
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[2]. Morley N., Eatherley D., Material Security Ensuring Resource Availability for the UK Economy, C-Tech Innovation Ltd; Resource Efficiency, London 2008.
[3]. Hagelüken C., Study to test the recycling guideline, Mobile Phone Partnership Initiative (MPPI), 2008.
[4]. Hagelüken C., Recycling of precious and special metals, EcoEfficiency in Industry and Science, Springer Science, p. 221-241, 2013.
[5]. Fiksel J., A Framework for Sustainable Materials Management, JOM, 2006.
[6]. ***, Materials Case Study 1: Critical Metals and Mobile Devices, Working Document OECD Environment Directorate, OECD, 2010.
[7]. Ongondo F. O., Williams I. D., Cherrett T. J., How are WEEE doing? A global review of the management of electrical and electronic wastes, Waste Management 31, p. 714-730, 2011.
[8]. Mangold J. A., Evaluating the End-of-Life Phase of Consumer Electronics: Methods and Tools to Improve Product Design and Material Recovery, A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, University of California, Berkeley, 2013.
[9]. Hagelüken C., Meskers C., Technology challenges to recover precious and special metals from complex products, http://ewasteguide.info/files/Hageluecken,_2009.
[10]. Reuter M. A., Hudson C., Van Schaik A., Heiskanen K., Meskers C., Hagelüken C., Metal Recycling: Opportunities, Limits, Infrastructure, A Report of the Working Group on the Global Metal Flows to the International Resource Panel, UNEP, 2013.
[11]. Havlik T., Orac D., Berwanger M., Maul A., The effect of mechanical–physical pretreatment on hydrometallurgical extraction of copper and tin in residue from printed circuit boards from used consumer equipment, Minerals Engineering, 65, p.163-171, 2014.
[12]. Hagelüken C., Recycling of Electronic Scrap at Umicore̕ s Integrated Metals Smelter and Refinery, World of MetallurgyErzmetall, 59, no. 3, p. 152-161, 2006.
[13]. Evans C., Renz R., McCullough E., Lawrence S., Pavlenko N., Suter S., Brundage A., Hecht J., Lizas D., Bailey P., Case Study on Critical Metals in Mobile Phones. Final Report, http://www.oecd.org/env/waste/smm-casestudies.htm.
[14]. Geyer R., Doctori Blass V., The economics of cell phone reuse and recycling, Int J Adv Manuf Technol, 47, p. 515-525, 2010.
[15]. Hagelüken Ch., Improving resource recovery from electronic scrap recycling - a holistic approach, http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/10977/34595/01650064.pdf.
[16]. Hagelüken C., Metal Recovery from e-scrap in a global environment. Technical capabilities, challanges and experience gained, 6th session of OEWG Basel Convention, 2007.
[17]. Huisman J., Magalini F., Kuehr R., Maurer C., Delgado C., Artim E., Stevels A. L. N., Review of Directive 2002/96 on Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE), Final report, United Nations University, for the European Commission, Contract No. 07010401/2006/442493/ETU/G4, United Nations University, Bonn, Germany, 2007.
[18]. Cui J., Forssberg E., Mechanical recycling of waste electric and electronic equipment: A review, Journal of Hazardous Materials, B99, p. 243-263, 2003.
[19]. ***, The Life Cycle of Materials in Mobile Phones. How New Phone Technology Affects the Environment, 2014.
[20]. ***, The Life Cycle Assessment of Platinum Group Metals.
[21]. ***, www.unep.org/resourcepanel/Portals/24102/PDFs.
[22]. Tuncuk A., Stazi V., Akcil A., Yazici E. Y., Deveci H., Aqueous metal recovery techniques from e-scrap: Hydrometallurgy in recycling, Minerals Engineering, 25, p. 28-37, 2012.
[23]. Anindya A., Minor Elements Distribution during the Smelting of WEEE with Copper Scrap, Thesis PhD, School of Civil, Environmental & Chemical Engineering Science, Engineering & Technology (SET) Portfolio RMIT University, 2012.
Published
2017-06-15
How to Cite
1.
CIOCAN A. Analysis Tools for Sustainable Management of Cell Phone Waste for Metals Recovery. The Annals of “Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati. Fascicle IX, Metallurgy and Materials Science [Internet]. 15Jun.2017 [cited 19Apr.2024];40(2):11-9. Available from: https://www.gup.ugal.ro/ugaljournals/index.php/mms/article/view/1155
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