Obtaining and Characterization of Vitroceram by Chemical Doped ZnO for Art Mosaic
Keywords:
vitroceramic material, pigment, mosaic, SEM-EDX, IR, microFTIR, TG/DTA/DTG/DSC
Abstract
This paper presents the obtaining and the characterization of ZnO doped vitroceramic, used as photo and termoresistive pigment for art mosaic. The coprecipitation involves two sequential steps, first of ions Zn2+(aq), Cr3+(aq), Co3+(aq) and Mn3+(aq), as oxihydroxides in predetermined molar reports: 98:0,6:0,7:06, followed by maturation, forced filtration and redispersion of the granules in distilled water, after which, by ion exchange is precipitated as intergranular film of Sb3+(aq) and Bi3+(aq) ions. After forced filtration and drying, the material is subjected gradually to a thermal process, according to a curve with three levels: 20-110 °C, 110-360 °C şi 360-950 °C, with a heating rate of 3 °C/min., each level keeping a constant temperature while varying between 4 and 8 h for nanostructures processes of crystalls reform. The vitroceramic was characterized by SEM-EDX, microFTIR and termic derivatography, after treatment at 110 °C and respectively 950 °C, underlining uniformity of grains and revealing their heterojonctional structure in cross-section.
References
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[31]. J. Wong - “Microstructure and Phase Transformation in a Highly Non-Ohmic Metal Oxide Varistor. Ceramic”, J. Appl. Phys., 46, 1975, 1653-1659.
[32]. M. Inada - “Formation Mechanism of Nonohmic. Zinc Oxide Ceramics”, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 19, 1980, 409-419.
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[37]. E.R. Leite, M.A.L. Nobre, E. Longo, J.A.Varela - “Microstrutural development of ZnO varistor during reactive liquid phase sintering”, J. Mater. Sci., 31, 1996, 5391-5398.
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[2]. I. Sandu, M. Saviuc, I.G. Sandu, I.M. Popa, A.V. Sandu, Thermoresistive New Pigments for stained glass and mosaics, in Proceeding of the IVth International Simposium Cucuteni 5000 Redivivus – Exact and Less Exact Sciences, Ed. Pim (ISBN 978-606-520-664-9), Iaşi, 2009, p. 163-177.
[3]. I. Sandu, I.C.A. Sandu şi A. van Saanen - Scientific Expertize of the Art Works, vol I, ."Al.I. Cuza" University Publishing House Iaşi, (ISBN 973-9272-21-5),1998, p. 436.
[4]. I. Sandu, I.C.A. Sandu, I. G. Sandu, Colorimetry in Art, Ed. Corson, Iaşi, (ISBN 973-8225-28-0), 2002.
[5]. I. Sandu, T. Bounegru, I.G. Sandu, A.Alexandru, I.C.A. Sandu, F. Diaconescu, A.V. Sandu - „Process for obtaining a green, opaque, photo- and thermoresistant pigment”, Patent MD3296G2/30.04.2007 (AGEPI File a2006-0178/21.06.2006, Owner the State University of Kisinew).
[6]. V. Moraru, I. Sandu, C. Moraru, I.C.A. Sandu, I.G. Sandu - „Process for Manufacturing Polychrome Tesserae and Use Thereof for Producing Wall Mosaic”, Patent RO118.415/3/155/28.03.2003 (OSIM File nr. A00988/2001, Owner the Authors).
[7]. C.-C. Lin, W.-S. Lee, C.-C. Sun, W.-H. Whu - ”The Influences of Bismuth Antimony Additives and Colbalt Manganese Dopants on the Electrical Properties of ZnO-Based Varistors”, Composites Part B: Engineering, 38, 3, MAR 2007, 338-344.
[8]. M. Peiteado, M.A. de la Rubia, J.F. Fernandez, A.C. Caballero - ”Thermal Evolution of ZnO-Bi2O3-Sb2O3 System in the Region of Interest for Varistors”,Journal Material Science (J. Mater. Sci.), 41, 8, APR2006, p. 2319-2325.
[9]. M. Matsuoka - “Nonohmic properties of zinc oxide ceramics”, Jap. J. Appl. Phys., 10, 6, JUN1971, 736-46.
[10]. G.S. Snow, S.S. White, R.A. Cooper, J.R. Armijo - “Characterization of high field varistors in the system ZnO–CoO–PbO–Bi2O3”, Ceramic Bull., 59, 6, JUN1980, 617-22.
[11]. S.N. Bai, J.S. Shieh, T.Y. Tseng - “Characteristic analysis of ZnO varistors made with spherical precipitation powders”, Mater. Chem. Phys., 41, 1995, 104-109.
[12]. R.G. Dosch, B.A. Tuttle, R.A. Brooks - “Chemical preparation and properties of high-field zinc oxide varistors”, J. Mater. Res., 1, 1986, 90-99.
[13]. J. Wu, C. Xie, Z. Bai - “Preparation of ZnO-glass varistor from tetrapod ZnO nanopowders”, Mater. Sci. Eng. B., 95, 2002, 157-61.
[14]. R.J. Lauf, W.D. Bond - “Fabrication of high-field zinc oxide varistors by sol-gel processing”, Ceramic Bull., 63, 2, FEB1984, 278-81.
[15]. M. Elfwing - “Novel powder-coating solutions to improved microstructures of ZnO based varistors, WC-Co cutting tools, and Co/Ni nano phase films and sponges”, Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis, 2002.
[16]. E. Olsson, G. Dunlop, R. Osterlund - “Development of functional microstructure during sintering of a ZnO varistor material”, J. Am.Ceram. Soc., 76, 1, IAN1993, 65-73.
[17]. D. Dey, R.C. Bradt - “Grain growth of ZnO during Bi2O3 liquid-phase sintering”, J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 75, 1992, 2529-2534.
[18]. J. Kim, T. Kimura, T. Yamaguchi - “Effect of bismuth oxide content on the sintering of zinc oxide”, J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 72, 1989, 1541-1544.
[19]. T. Asokan, G.N.K. Iyengar, G.R. Nagabhushana - “Studies on microstructure and density of sintered ZnO-based nonlinear resistors”, J. Mater. Sci., 22, 1987, 2229-2236.
[20]. M. Inada - “Crystal phases of nonohmic zinc oxide ceramics”, Jap. J. Appl. Phys., 17, 1978, 1-10.
[21]. M. Ito, M. Tanahashi, M. Uehara, A. Iga - “The Sb2O3 addition effect on sintering ZnO and ZnO + Bi2O3”, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 36, 1997, 1460-1463.
[22]. J. Ott, A. Lorenz, M. Harrer, E.A. Preissner, C. Hesse, A. Feltz, A.H. Whitehead, M. Schreiber - “The influence of Bi2O3 and Sb2O3 on the electrical properties of ZnO based varistors”. J. Electroceram., 6, 2001, 135-146.
[23]. P. Duran, F. Capel, J. Tartaj, C. Moure - “Lowtemperature fully dense and electrical properties of doped-ZnO varistors by a polymerized complex method”, J. Eur. Ceram. Soc., 22, 2002, 67-77.
[24]. F. Greuter, G. Blatter - “Electrical properties of grain boundaries in polycrystalline compound semiconductors”, Semicond. Sci. Technol., 5, 1990, 111-1375.
[25]. S. Tanaka, C. Akita, N. Ohashi, J. Kawai, H. Haneda, J. Tanaka - „Chemical-State Analysis of Grain-Boundaries in ZnO Varistors by Auger-Electron Spectroscopy”, J. Solid State Chem., 105, 1993, 36-43.
[26]. K.O. Magnusson, S. Wiklund - “Interface formation of Bi on ceramic ZnO: a simple model varistor grain boundary”, J. Appl. Phys., 76, 1994, 7405-7409.
[27]. F. Greuter - “Electrically active interfaces in ZnO varistors”, Solid State Ionics, 75, 1995, 67-78.
[28]. E. Olsson, G.L. Dunlop, R. - ¨Osterlund, “Development of interfacial microstructure during cooling of a ZnO varistor material”, J. Appl.Phys., 66, 1989, 5072-5077.
[29]. M.A. de la Rubia, M. Peiteado, J.F. Fernandez, A.C. Caballero -”Bi2O3 vaporization from ZnO-based varistors”, J. Eur. Ceram., Soc. 24, 2004, 1209-1214.
[30]. L. Hozer - Semiconductor Ceramics: Grain Boundary Effects, Polish Scientific Publishers, Warszawa, Poland, 1994, p. 44.
[31]. J. Wong - “Microstructure and Phase Transformation in a Highly Non-Ohmic Metal Oxide Varistor. Ceramic”, J. Appl. Phys., 46, 1975, 1653-1659.
[32]. M. Inada - “Formation Mechanism of Nonohmic. Zinc Oxide Ceramics”, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 19, 1980, 409-419.
[33]. J. Kim, T. Kimura, T. Yamaguchi -”Sintering of Zinc Oxide Doped with Antimony Oxide and Bismuth Oxide”, J. Am. Ceram. Soc.,72, 1989, 1390-1395.
[34]. A. Mergen, W.E. Lee - “Microstructural relations in BZS pyrochlore-ZnO mixtures”, J. Eur. Ceram. Soc., 17, 1997, 1049-1060.
[35]. J.P. Guha, S. Kunej, D. Suvorov - “Phase equilibrium relations in the binary system Bi2O3–ZnO”, J. Mater. Sci., 39, 2004, 911-918.
[36]. J. Kim, T. Kimura, T. Yamaguchi - “Sintering of Sb2O3-doped ZnO”, J. Mater. Sci. 24, 1989, 213-219.
[37]. E.R. Leite, M.A.L. Nobre, E. Longo, J.A.Varela - “Microstrutural development of ZnO varistor during reactive liquid phase sintering”, J. Mater. Sci., 31, 1996, 5391-5398.
[38]. V. Krasevec, M. Trontelj, L. Golic - “Transmission Electron Micro- scope Study of Antimony- Doped Zinc Oxide Ceramics”, J. Am. Ceram. Soc, 74, 1991, 760-766.
[39]. K.G.V. Kumari, P.D. Vasu, V. Kumar, T. Asokan - ”Formation of Zinc–Antimony-Based Spinel Phases”, J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 85, 2002, 703-705.
[40]. N.Orban - Pigmenţi anorganici, Ed. Tehnică, Bucureşti, 1974, p. 113.
[41]. C.M. Beavis - Pigment, Dyestufss and Laches, Ed. Chapmann and Hall, London, 1966.
Published
2010-12-15
How to Cite
1.
SANDU I, BEJINARIU C, SANDU AV, VASILACHE V, SANDU IG, BRÂNZILĂ M. Obtaining and Characterization of Vitroceram by Chemical Doped ZnO for Art Mosaic. The Annals of “Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati. Fascicle IX, Metallurgy and Materials Science [Internet]. 15Dec.2010 [cited 4May2024];33(4):5-4. Available from: https://www.gup.ugal.ro/ugaljournals/index.php/mms/article/view/2970
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