Metaproteomics applied to the identification of pathogens in foods: Advances and challenges in sanitary monitoring

Abstract

Metaproteomics has emerged as an innovative tool for the identification of foodborne pathogens, enabling the analysis of proteins and peptides from complex microbial communities. The present study aimed to examine how metaproteomics is associated with the microbiological control of pathogenic organisms in foods, acting in their detection and control. This approach allows the simultaneous detection of multiple pathogenic microorganisms, contributing to food safety and outbreak control. Peptide-based microbial biodiversity reveals the role of specific proteins in the virulence and resistance of pathogens such as Salmonella, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, and Campylobacter jejuni, making the development of effective detection methods essential. Proteomics plays a key role in microbiological quality control of foods, as it enables the identification of toxins and protein biomarkers indicative of contamination. Furthermore, mass spectrometry combined with bioinformatics allows accurate analysis of microbial proteins, supporting the implementation of preventive measures. The integration of metaproteomics with metagenomics and metabolomics broadens the understanding of microbial ecology and supports the development of strategies to reduce pathogen dissemination and antimicrobial resistance. Despite technical and standardization challenges, this approach offers new perspectives to improve food safety and prevent foodborne diseases.