The Authentification of Old Bronze Coins and the Structure of the Archaeological Patina
Keywords:
ancient bronze coins, pedological transformation, primary, secondary and contamination patina, archeological patina, stratified structure, authentication elements
Abstract
This paper presents comparative results concerning the chemical composition and mineralogical distribution of the main compounds from the structure of the archaeological patina of ancient bronze coins, which were determined by the corroboration of microchemical, IR spectrophotometry, SEM/EDAX and Colorimetric methods. The stratigraphical distribution of the chemical components in the structure of patina is caused by the pedological processes from the archaeological sites and which represents main elements used in the authentication of ancient bronze artifacts.
References
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[2]. Sandu, I., Dima, A., Sandu, I.G., Conservation and Restoration of Metallic Artifacts, Ed. Corson, (ISBN 973-8225-24-8) Iaşi 2002, p. 152.
[3]. Sandu, I., Sandu, I.G., Modern Aspects Concerning the Conservation of Cultural Heritage, vol.I, Ed. Performantica (ISBN 973-730-048-3), Iaşi, 2005, p. 261.
[4]. W. Mourey, Conservation of Metallic Antiquities – from the Site to the Muzeum, Ed. Tehnică, (ISBN 973-31-1180-5), Bucureşti, 1998, p. 28.
[5]. Sandu, I., Găluşcă, D.G., Carcea I., Ştefan, M., Sandu, A.V., “Authentication of ancient bronze coins. I. Aspects concerning the composition of the patina”, in Bul. Inst. Polit. Iasi (ISSN 1453-1690), tom LI (LV), Fasc. 2, Section Science and Engineering Materials, 2005, p. 157.
[6]. Sandu, I. G., Sandu, I.C.A., Dima, A., Sandu I., Neacşu, I., “Authentication of ancient bronze coins.II. Microchemical, IR and XRD analyses”, in Bul. Inst. Polit. Iasi (ISSN 1453-1690), tom LI (LV), Fasc.2, Section Science and Engineering Materials, 2005, p. 167.
[7]. Sandu, I. G., Stoleriu S., Sandu, I., Dima, A., Sandu, I.C.A., Neacşu, I., “Authentication of ancient bronze coins. III.Colorimetric and thermogravimetric analyses”, in Bul. Inst. Polit. Iasi (ISSN 1453-1690), tom LI (LV), Fasc. 2, Section Science and Engineering Materials, 2005, p. 177.
[8]. Sandu, I.G., Dima, A., Sandu, I., Diaconescu, F., Sandu, A.V., “The conservation level of metallic artefacts. I. Acient coins and other metallic numismatic pieces”, in Bul. Inst. Polit. Iasi (ISSN 1453-1690), tom LI (LV), Fasc. 2, Section Science and Engineering Materials, 2005, p. 197.
[9]. Mazzeo, R., “Patine su manufatti metallici”, în Le Patine. Genesi, Significato, conservazione - Kermesquaderni, Ed. Nardini, irenze, 2005, p. 29.
[10]. Bellamy, L.J., Infrared Spectra of Complex Molecules, Ed. Chapman and Hall, London 1975.
[11]. Nakamoto, K., Infrared Raman Spectra of Inorganic and Coordination Compounds, Ed. Wiley, New York, 1978.
[12]. Nyquist, R.A., Kagel, R.O., Infrared Spectra of Inorganic Compounds, Academic Press, New-York and London, 1971.
[13]. ***, The Sadtler Standard Spectra, Ed. Stadler Research Laboratories, Philadelphia PA, 1972.
[14]. Bentley, F.F., Smithson, L.D., Rozek, A.L., Infrared Spectra and Characteristic Frequences. A collection of spectra, interpretation and bibliography, Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York – London – Sydney, 1988, p. 1515-1566.
[15]. Hodges, G.M., Hallowes, R.C., Research applications of scanning electron microscopy, vol. I şi II, Academic Press, New York, Toronto, Sidney, 1980.
[16]. Mackenzie, R.C., Mitchell, B.D., Differential Termal Analysis, Academic Press, New York, 1980.
[17]. Vasile, C., Calugaru, E.M., Stoleriu, A., Sabliovschi, M., Mihai, E., Comportarea termică a polimerilor, Ed. Academiei RSR, Bucureşti, 1980.
[18]. Llopiz, J., Romero, M.M., Jerez, A., Laureiro, Y., Thermochimica Acta, 256, 1995, p. 205.
[19]. Chiavari, G., Mazzeo, R.,, “Chemical Characterization of Surface Corrosion Products Present on outdoor Bronze Monuments”, în Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on the Conservation of Monuments in the Mediterranean, Rodhos, 6-11 Maggio 1997, vol. 1, p. 111.
[20]. Graedel, T.E., “Copper patinas Formed in the Atmosphere. I. A Quantiative Assessment of Mechanism”, in Corrosion Science – Special issue, 27, (7), 1987, p. 721.
[21]. Marabelli, M., Mazzeo, R., “La corrozione dei bronzi esposti all’aperto: problemi din caratterizzazione”, în La metallurgia italiana, 85, (4), 1993, p. 247.
[22]. Mazzeo, R., Chiavari, G., Morigi, G., “Identificazione ed origine di patine ad ossaloto su monumenti bronzei: il caso del Portale Centrale del Duomo di Loreto (AN)”, în Atti del Convegno: le pellicole ad ossalato: origine e significato nella conservazione delle opere d’arte, Ed. Centro G. Bozza, 1989, p. 271.
[23]. Scott, D.A., Copper and Bronze in Art. Corrozion, Colorants, Conservation, Ed. The Getty Conservation Institute, Los Angeles, 2002.
Published
2006-05-15
How to Cite
1.
SANDU I, DIACONESCU F, SANDU IG, ALEXANDRU A, SANDU AV. The Authentification of Old Bronze Coins and the Structure of the Archaeological Patina. The Annals of “Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati. Fascicle IX, Metallurgy and Materials Science [Internet]. 15May2006 [cited 29Apr.2024];29(1):38-. Available from: https://www.gup.ugal.ro/ugaljournals/index.php/mms/article/view/3226
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